Perception of motion direction in luminance-and contrast-defined reversed-phi motion sequences

Nonlinear processing can be used to recover the motion of contrast modulations of binary noise patterns. A nonlinear stage has also been proposed to explain the perception of forward motion in motion sequences which typically elicit reversed-phi. We examined perceived direction of motion for stimuli in which these reversed motion sequences were used to modulate the contrast of binary noise patterns. A percept of forward motion could be elicted by both luminance-defined and contrast-defined stimuli. The perceived direction of motion seen in the contrast-defined stimuli showed a profound carrier dependency. The replacement of a static carrier by a dynamic carrier can reverse the perceived direction of motion. Forward motion was never seen with dynamic carriers. For luminance- and contrast-defined patterns the reversed motion percept increasingly dominated, with increases in the spatial frequency and temporal frequency of the modulation. Differences in the patterns of responses to the two stimuli over spatial and temporal frequency were abolished by the addition of noise to the luminance-defined stimulus. These data suggest the possibility that a single mechanism may mediate the perception of luminance- and contrast-defined motion.